Jus cogens: Recent Developments in International Law

Security Council Compendium (No. 20)

Security Council Compendium, a juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

S/RES/1726 (15 December 2023) The situation in Côte d’Ivoire

Synopsis of Resolution 1726: Acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, Resolution 1726 extends the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) until 10 January 2007.

S/RES/1727 (15 December 2023) The situation in Côte d’Ivoire

Synopsis of Resolution 1727: A Chapter VII resolution, 1727 renews certain provisions of Resolutions 1572 (2004) and 1643 (2005) until 31 October 2007. The pertinent provisions of Resolution 1572 include an arms embargo, a travel ban on designated individuals, and a freeze on designated assets (the travel ban and asset freeze is administered by the Committee established by Resolution 1572). The relevant portion of Resolution 1643 "decides that all States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the import of all rough diamonds from Côte d’Ivoire to their territory," including participation by States in the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. Resolution 1727 also "demands that all Ivorian parties...provide unhindered access" to the Group of Experts established by Resolution 1643 and to UNOCI and French forces (Resolution 1727 renews the mandate of the Group of Experts for a further 6 months). In Resolution 1727, the Security Council also expresses its intention to review the renewed measures on 31 October 2007 "in the light of progress accomplished in the peace and national reconciliation process in Côte d’Ivoire."

S/RES/1728 (15 December 2023) The situation in Cyprus

Synopsis of Resolution 1728: Welcoming "the observations in the Secretary-General’s report on progress since June," Resolution 1728 reaffirms all relevant resolutions on Cyprus and "expresses its full support for [the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)], including its mandate in the buffer zone, and decides to extend its mandate for a further period ending 15 June 2007." Resolution 1728 also calls upon "the Turkish Cypriot side and Turkish forces to restore in Strovilia the military status quo which existed there prior to 30 June 2000."

S/RES/1729 (15 December 2023) The situation in the Middle East

Synopsis of Resolution 1729: The Security Council "calls upon the parties concerned to implement immediately its resolution 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973" and "decides to renew the mandate of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force for a period of six months, that is, until 30 June 2007."

S/RES/1730 (19 December 2023) General issues relating to sanctions

Synopsis of Resolution 1730: The preamble of Resolution 1730 declares the Security Council's "resolve to ensure that sanctions are carefully targeted in support of clear objectives and implemented in ways that balance effectiveness against possible adverse consequences" and commitment "to ensuring that fair and clear procedures exist for placing individuals and entities on sanctions lists and for removing them, as well as for granting humanitarian exemptions." Accordingly, the operative portion of Resolution 1730 adopts a "de-listing procedure" and "requests the Secretary-General to establish within the Secretariat (Security Council Subsidiary Organs Branch), a focal point to receive de-listing requests and to perform the tasks described in the attached annex" to Resolution 1730, which details the de-listing procedure. The annex itself describes the administrative mandate of the newly created focal point. The annex states that "petitioners seeking to submit a request for de-listing can do so either through the focal point process outlined below or through their state of residence or citizenship." In a footnote to this guideline, the de-listing procedure recognizes that "a State can decide, that as a rule, its citizens or residents should address their de-listing requests directly to the focal point."

S/RES/1731 (20 December 2023) The situation in Liberia

Synopsis of Resolution 1731: After "determining that, despite significant progress having been made in Liberia, the situation there continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region," Resolution 1731 is presented under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Resolution 1731 renews measures on arms and travel originally promulgated under Resolution 1521 (2003) and modified by Resolutions 1683 (2006). Resolution 1731 also renews measures on diamonds imposed by Resolution 1521 (2003) for another 6 months. The measures renewed specifically include a prohibition on the sale or supply of arms and related materials, a travel ban on individuals, as designated by the 1521 Committee, and a ban on the direct or indirect import of all rough diamonds from Liberia. The arms ban specifically excludes limited supplies of weapons and ammunition for certain Liberian forces, as approved by the 1521 Committee. The renewal of the diamond measures will be reviewed after 4 months "to allow the Government of Liberia sufficient time to establish an effective Certificate of Origin regime for trade in Liberian rough diamonds that is transparent and internationally verifiable, with a view to joining the Kimberley Process." Resolution 1731 notes that the Security Council will review any of these measures at the request of the Government of Liberia, "once the Government reports to the Council that the conditions set out in resolution 1521 (2003) for terminating the measures have been met, and provides the Council with information to justify its assessment." Additionally, Resolution 1731 extends the mandate of the current Panel of Experts appointed pursuant to Resolution 1689 (2006) until 20 June 2007 to assess the implementation of various measures, including Resolution 1521.

S/RES/1732 (21 December 2023) General issues relating to sanctions

Synopsis of Resolution 1732: A 3 sentence resolution, 1732 decides the Informal Working Group on General Issues of Sanctions has fulfilled its mandate "to develop general recommendations on how to improve the effectiveness of United Nations sanctions."

S/RES/1733 (22 December 2023) Tribute to the out going Secretary-General

Synopsis of Resolution 1733: A tribute to Secretary-General Kofi Annan, Resolution 1733 "acknowledges the contribution of Secretary-General Kofi Annan to international peace, security and development, his exceptional efforts to solve international problems in economic, social and cultural fields, as well as his endeavours to meet humanitarian needs and to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all" and "expresses its deep appreciation to Secretary-General Kofi Annan for his dedication to the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter and to the development of friendly relations among nations."

S/RES/1734 (22 December 2023) The situation in Sierra Leone

Synopsis of Resolution 1734: Extending the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Office in Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL) until 31 December 2007, Resolution 1734 also "endorses" an increase in the the number UNIOSIL personnel "in order to enhance the support provided by UNIOSIL for the [July 2007] elections and its ability to carry out its functions elsewhere in Sierra Leone."

S/RES/1735 (22 December 2023) Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts

Synopsis of Resolution 1735: A Chapter VII Resolution, 1735 "decides that all States shall take the measures as previously imposed" by portions of Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1333 (2000), and Resolution 1390 (2002) "with respect to Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden, and the Taliban and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with them, as referred to in the list created pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1333 (2000) (the “Consolidated List”)." These measures include a freeze of assets, travel ban, and a ban on the sale or supply of arms and related material. The measures described by Resolution 1735 are substantially similar to those measures provided by Resolution 1390 (2002). However, Resolution 1735 includes: 1) the reminder to all States "of their obligation to freeze without delay the funds and other financial assets or economic resources" of the Consolidated List; 2) "confirms" that the measures of Resolution 1735 "apply to economic resources of every kind;" and 3) "calls upon States to redouble their efforts to implement" Resolution 1735 measures. Resolution 1735 also presents several procedural and administrative directives for listing, delisting, and exemptions under the Consolidated List, which is administered by the 1267 Committee. Additionally, within a section of Resolution 1735 entitled "Measures Implementation," the Security Council stresses that the asset freeze applies "to all forms of financial resources, including but not limited to those used for the provision of Internet hosting or related services, used for the support of Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden, and the Taliban and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with them." Resolution 1735 also extends the mandate of the 1617 Monitoring Team for a further period of 18 months.

S/RES/1736 (22 December 2023) The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Synopsis of Resolution 1736: A Chapter VII resolution, the Security Council "authorizes, from 1 January 2024 until the expiry of [the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC's)] current mandate on 15 February 2007, an increase in the military strength of MONUC of up to 916 military personnel, to allow for the continued deployment to MONUC of the infantry battalion and the military hospital currently authorized under the [United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB)] mandate and expresses its intention to examine this issue further before 15 February, in the context of the Secretary General’s forthcoming proposals, with a view to ensuring that MONUC has adequate capabilities to perform its mandate."

S/RES/1737 (23 December 2023) Non-proliferation

Synopsis of Resolution 1737: A Chapter VII resolution, specifically promulgated under Article 41 of Chapter VII, 1737 provides a number of measures in regards to Iran's nuclear activities. These measures include a suspension of certain "proliferation sensitive nuclear activities," several prohibitions on all States in regards to Iran's nuclear activities, a freeze on those assets supporting or associated with Iran's proliferation sensitive nuclear activities, the establishment of an oversight committee, and the establishment of a deadline for Iran to comply with the resolution.

Suspension of "proliferation sensitive nuclear materials"

In the context of the steps required of Iran by the IAEA Board of Governors in its resolution GOV/2006/14, Resolution 1737 instructs Iran that it "shall without further delay suspend the following proliferation sensitive nuclear activities: (a) all enrichment-related and reprocessing activities, including research and development, to be verified by the IAEA; and (b) work on all heavy water-related projects, including the construction of a research reactor moderated by heavy water, also to be verified by the IAEA."

Sanctions

Resolution 1737 imposes several obligations on all States in relation to Iran's nuclear activities. These measures include the directives: 1) "that all States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the supply, sale or transfer directly or indirectly from their territories...of all items, materials, equipment, goods and technology which could contribute to Iran’s enrichment-related, reprocessing or heavy water-related activities, or to the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems" 2) "that all States shall also take the necessary measures to prevent the provision to Iran of any technical assistance or training, financial assistance, investment, brokering or other services, and the transfer of financial resources or services, related to the supply, sale, transfer, manufacture or use of the prohibited items, materials, equipment, goods and technology"; and 3) "all States shall notify the Committee of the entry into or transit through their territories of the persons...engaged in, directly associated with or providing support for Iran’s proliferation sensitive nuclear activities and for the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems."

An additional measure includes "that all States shall freeze the funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories at the date of adoption of this resolution or at any time thereafter, that are owned or controlled by the persons or entities designated" in the Annex to Resolution 1737, by the Security Council, or by the Committee "as being engaged in, directly associated with or providing support for Iran’s proliferation sensitive nuclear activities or the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems."

Establishment of the 1737 Committee

Pursuant to rule 28 of the Security Council's provisional rules of procedure, Resolution 1737 establishes a Committee to monitor and implement the terms and conditions of Resolution 1737 and report at least every 90 days.

Request of IAEA Report and Further Measures

Resolution 1737 also requests the IAEA to report within 60 days "on whether Iran has established full and sustained suspension of all activities mentioned in this resolution, as well as on the process of Iranian compliance with all the steps required by the IAEA Board and with the other provisions of this resolution." In light of this report, the measures of 1737 will be suspended "if and for so long as Iran suspends all enrichment-related and reprocessing activities, including research and development," and the measures will be terminated once "Iran has fully complied with its obligations under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council and met the requirements of the IAEA Board of Governors." In the event the IAEA report indicates that Iran has not complied with Resolution 1737, the Security Council shall "adopt further appropriate measures under Article 41 of Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations to persuade Iran to comply with this resolution and the requirements of the IAEA, and underlines that further decisions will be required should such additional measures be necessary."

S/RES/1738 (23 December 2023) Protection of civilians in armed conflict

Synopsis of Resolution 1738: In 1738, the Security Council "condemns intentional attacks against journalists, media professionals and associated personnel, as such, in situations of armed conflict, and calls upon all parties to put an end to such practices" and recalls "that journalists, media professionals and associated personnel engaged in dangerous professional missions in areas of armed conflict shall be considered as civilians and shall be respected and protected as such, provided that they take no action adversely affecting their status as civilians." These sentiments continue for the duration of the resolution, which include a recollection of the demand "that all parties to an armed conflict comply fully with the obligations applicable to them under international law related to the protection of civilians in armed conflict, including journalists, media professionals and associated personnel." Lastly, Resolution 1738 "requests the Secretary-General to include as a sub-item in his next reports on the protection of civilians in armed conflict the issue of the safety and security of journalists, media professionals and associated personnel."

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5587 (closed) (13 December 2023) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force [Communiqué]

S/PV.5588 (13 December 2023) Kosovo (Serbia) [no action]

S/PV.5589 (14 December) Sudan [no action]

S/PV.5590 (closed) (14 December 2023) Sudan [Communiqué]

S/PV.5591 (15 December 2023) Côte d'Ivoire [S/RES/1726; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5592 (15 December 2023) Côte d'Ivoire [S/RES/1727; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5593 (15 December 2023) Cyprus [S/RES/1728; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5594 (15 December 2023) International Tribunal--Rwanda & Yugoslavia [no action]

S/PV.5595 (15 December 2023) Chad-Sudan [S/PRST/2006/53]

S/PV.5596 (15 December 2023) Middle East situation [S/RES/1729; Vote: 15-0-0 + S/PRST/2006/54]

S/PV.5597 (18 December 2023) Middle East situation [no action]

S/PV.5598 (19 December 2023) Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan [S/PRST/2006/55]

S/PV.5599 (19 December 2023) Sanctions [S/RES/1730; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5600 (20 December 2023) Peace and security--terrorist acts [S/PRST/2006/56]

S/PV.5601 (20 December 2023) Briefings by Chairmen of subsidiary bodies of the Security Council [no action]

S/PV.5602 (20 December 2023) Liberia [S/RES/1731; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5603 (20 December 2023) Great Lakes region [S/PRST/2006/57]

S/PV.5604 (closed) (21 December 2023) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the UN Operation in Burundi [Communiqué]

S/PV.5605 (21 December 2023) Sanctions [S/RES/1732; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5606 (21 December 2023) Côte d'Ivoire [S/PRST/2006/58]

S/PV.5607 (22 December 2023) Tribute to Kofi Annan [S/RES/1733; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5608 (22 December 2023) Sierra Leone [S/RES/1734; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5609 (22 December 2023) Peace and security--terrorist acts [S/RES/1735; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5610 (22 December 2023) Democratic Republic of the Congo [S/RES/1736; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5611 (22 December 2023) Somalia [S/PRST/2006/59]

S/PV.5612 (23 December 2023) Non-proliferation--Iran [S/RES/1737; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5613 (23 December 2023) Civilians in armed conflict [S/RES/1738; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5614 (26 December 2023) Somalia [no action]

Statements By Security Council President (December 2006 - Qatar; January 2007 - United Republic of Tanzania)

S/PRST/2006/53 (15 December 2023) The situation in Chad and the Sudan

S/PRST/2006/54 (15 December 2023) The situation in the Middle East

S/PRST/2006/55 (19 December 2023) Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

S/PRST/2006/56 (20 December 2023) Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts

S/PRST/2006/57 (20 December 2023) The situation in the Great Lakes region

S/PRST/2006/58 (21 December 2023) The situation in Côte d’Ivoire

S/PRST/2006/59 (22 December 2023) The situation in Somalia

Statements to Press By Security Council President

SC/8910 (15 December 2023) GUINEA-BISSAU

SC/8921 (21 December 2023) BURUNDI

SC/8931 (27 December 2023) DARFUR

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/962 (12 December 2023) Letter dated 12 December 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Sixth report of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolutions 1595 (2005), 1636 (2005) and 1644 (2005), prepared by Mr. Serge Brammertz, Commissioner)

S/2006/974 (13 December 2023) Letter dated 8 December 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS))

S/2006/975 (13 December 2023) Letter dated 13 December 2023 from the President of the Security Council to the Secretary-General (United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS))

S/2006/984 (15 December 2023) Letter dated 15 December 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Democratic Republic of the Congo - Group of Experts)

S/2006/986 (15 December 2023) Letter dated 15 December 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Somalia - Monitoring Group)

S/2006/987 (15 December 2023) Letter dated 4 December 2023 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council (United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC)) - Letter dated 14 November 2023 from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq to the Secretary-General)

S/2006/988 (15 December 2023) Letter dated 15 December 2023 from the President of the Security Council to the Secretary-General (United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC))

S/2006/998 (19 December 2023) Letter dated 14 December 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Commissioner of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to resolution 1595 (2005))

S/2006/999 (19 December 2023) Letter dated 19 December from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Commissioner of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to resolution 1595 (2005))

S/2006/1002 (19 December 2023) Letter dated 15 December 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate)

Reports of the Secretary-General

S/2006/958 (11 December 2023) Thirteenth progress report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia

S/2006/980 (14 December 2023) Report of the Secretary-General - "Uniting our strengths: Enhancing United Nations support for the rule of law"

S/2006/994 (18 December 2023) Ninth report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Burundi

S/2006/1003 (19 December 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (January 2007)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings

Security Council Compendium (No. 19)

Security Council Compendium, a juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

S/RES/1725 (6 December 2023) The situation in Somalia

Synopsis of Resolution 1725: A Chapter VII Resolution, Resolution 1725 authorizes the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and Member States of the African Union "to establish a protection and training mission in Somalia."[1] The mandate of the mission, "drawing on the relevant elements of the mandate and concept of operations specified in [the Deployment Plan for a Peacekeeping Mission of IGAD in Somalia (IGASOM)]," includes: "(a) To monitor progress by the Transitional Federal Institutions and the Union of Islamic Courts in implementing agreements reached in their dialogue; (b) To ensure free movement and safe passage of all those involved with the dialogue process; (c) To maintain and monitor security in Baidoa;(d) To protect members of the Transitional Federal Institutions and Government as well as their key infrastructure; (e) To train the Transitional Federal Institutions’ security forces to enable them to provide their own security and to help facilitate the re-establishment of national security forces of Somalia." To enable the protection and training mission, Resolution 1725 exempts supplies of weapons and military equipment and technical training and assistance from the arms embargo established by Resolution 733. Resolution 1725 also "urges the Transitional Federal Institutions and the Union of Islamic Courts to fulfil commitments they have made, resume without delay peace talks on the basis of the agreements reached in Khartoum, and adhere to agreements reached in their dialogue, and states its intention to consider taking measures against those that seek to prevent or block a peaceful dialogue process, overthrow the Transitional Federal Institutions by force, or take action that further threatens regional stability."

[1] The IGAD is a regional grouping of seven Eastern African countries of Djibouti , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Kenya , Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. See http://www.igad.org/about/about.htm.

Resolution 1725 resources:

• IGAD
• IGAD, "Communiqué Issued at the end of Consultations between the delegation of the Somali Council of Islamic Courts (SCIS) and the IGAD Secretariat in Djibouti held on the 1st - 2nd December 2006."

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5578 (6 December 2023) Consideration of the draft report of the Security Council to the General Assembly [Note (S/2006/942)]

S/PV.5579 (6 December 2023) Somalia [S/RES/1725; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5580 (6 December 2023) Democratic Republic of the Congo [S/PRST/2006/50]

S/PV.5581 (7 December 2023) Security Council mission--Afghanistan [no action]

S/PV.5582 (closed) (8 December 2023) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus [Communiqué]

S/PV.5583 (11 December 2023) Iraq [no action]

S/PV.5584 (12 December 2023) Middle East situation [S/PRST/2006/51]

S/PV.5585 (closed) (12 December 2023) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the UN Operation in Côte d'Ivoire [Communiqué]

S/PV.5586 (12 December 2023) Middle East situation [S/PRST/2006/52]

Statements By Security Council President (December 2006 - Qatar)

S/PRST/2006/50 (6 December 2023) The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo

S/PRST/2006/51 (12 December 2023) The situation in the Middle East

S/PRST/2006/52 (12 December 2023) The situation in the Middle East

Statements to Press By Security Council President

SC/8885 (4 December 2023) PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN ARMED CONFLICTS

SC/8889 (6 December 2023) SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST

SC/8894 (7 December 2023) FIJI

SC/8899 (13 December 2023) IRAQ-KUWAIT

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/950 (8 December 2023 Letter) dated 7 December 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (International Working Group on Côte d’Ivoire - 11th ministerial meeting, Abidjan, 1 December 2023 - Final communiqué)

Reports of the Secretary-General

S/2006/939 (4 December 2023) Eleventh progress report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire

S/2006/945 (5 December 2023) Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 30 of resolution 1546 (2004)

S/2006/946 (6 December 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on developments in Guinea-Bissau and on the activities of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in that country

S/2006/948 (6 December 2023) Twenty-third report of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 14 of resolution 1284 (1999)

S/2006/956 (11 December 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on the Middle East

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (as of 13 December 2023)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings

Security Council Compendium (No. 18)

Security Council Compendium, a juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

S/RES/1723 (28 November 2023) The situation concerning Iraq

Synopsis of Resolution 1723: A Chapter VII Resolution, Resolution 1723 extends the mandate of the multinational force in Iraq until 31 December 2007 and "reaffirms the authorization for the multinational force as set forth in resolution 1546 (2004)." Resolution 1723 also "notes that the presence of the multinational force in Iraq is at the request of the Government of Iraq." The authorization of Resolution 1546 referred to by Resolution 1723 states, in part: "the multinational force shall have the authority to take all necessary measures to contribute to the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq." The extension of the mandate created by Resolution 1723 contains the qualification that "the mandate for the multinational force shall be reviewed at the request of the Government of Iraq or no later than 15 June 2007, and declares that [the Security Council] will terminate this mandate earlier if requested by the Government of Iraq." Resolution 1723 also extends "the arrangements established in paragraph 20 of resolution 1483 (2003) for the depositing into the Development Fund for Iraq of proceeds from export sales of petroleum, petroleum products, and natural gas" until 31 December 2007, which may be reviewed at the request of the Iraqi Government or no later than 15 June 2007.

Resolution 1723 resources:

• United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq

S/RES/1724 (29 November 2023) The situation in Somalia

Synopsis of Resolution 1724: After a preamble that includes the condemnation of "the significant increase in the flow of weapons and ammunition supplies to and through Somalia, which constitutes a violation of the arms embargo and a serious threat to peace and stability in Somalia," Resolution 1724, a Chapter VII Resolution, "stresses the obligation of all Member States to comply fully with the measures imposed by resolution 733 (1992)." Resolution 733 includes the explicit directive "that all States shall, for purposes of establishing peace and security in Somalia, immediately implement a general and complete embargo on all deliveries of weapons and military equipment to Somalia until the Council decides otherwise." Resolution 1724 also requests the Secretary-General to re-establish both the Committee created by Resolution 733 and the Monitoring Group created by Resolution 1558 (2004) (the Monitoring Group was originally created by Resolution 1519 (2003) and re-established and modified by Resolution 1558) to assist in enforcing the embargo established by Resolution 733. Resolution 1724 also requests that the 733 Committee "recommend to the Council ways to improve implementation of and compliance with the arms embargo, in response to continuing violations."

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5573 (28 November 2023) Children and armed conflict [no action]

S/PV.5573 (Resumption 1) (28 November 2023) Children and armed conflict [S/PRST/2006/48]

S/PV.5574 (28 November 2023) Iraq [S/RES/1723; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5575 (29 November 2023) Somalia [S/RES/1724; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5576 (1 December 2023) Letter dated 22 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council [S/PRST/2006/49]

S/PV.5577 (4 December 2023) Civilians in armed conflict [no action]

S/PV.5577 (Resumption 1) (4 December 2023) Civilians in armed conflict [no action]

Statements By Security Council President (November 2006 - Peru; December 2006 - Qatar)

S/PRST/2006/48 (28 November 2023) Children and armed conflict

S/PRST/2006/49 (1 December 2023) Letter dated 22 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (welcoming "the signing on 21 November by the Government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement, and the commitment both parties have stated to transforming the existing ceasefire into a permanent peace")

Statements to Press By Security Council President

SC/8881 (29 November 2023) FIJI

SC/8885 (4 December 2023) PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN ARMED CONFLICTS

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/920 (27 November 2023) Letter dated 22 November 2023 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council (Nepal)

S/2006/923 (29 November 2023) Letter dated 30 October 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Special Representative for Timor-Leste and Head of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT))

S/2006/924 (29 November 2023) Letter dated 29 November 2023 from the President of the Security Council to the Secretary-General (Special Representative for Timor-Leste and Head of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT))

S/2006/926 (29 November 2023) Letter dated 28 November 2023 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council (Sudan - Panel of Experts)

S/2006/928 (29 November 2023) Letter dated 21 November 2023 from the President of the Security Council to the Secretary-General (descriptive index to notes and statements by the President of the Council relating to documentation and procedure)

S/2006/930 (1 December 2023) Letter dated 30 November 2023 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council (Special Envoy for the Lord’s Resistance Army’s (LRA)-affected areas)

S/2006/934 (1 December 2023) Letter dated 30 November 2023 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council (United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in the Central African Republic (BONUCA))

Reports of the Secretary-General

S/2006/906 (20 November 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo

S/2006/922 (28 November 2023) Third report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Office in Sierra Leone

S/2006/931 (1 December 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations operation in Cyprus

S/2006/938 (4 December 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (for the period from 10 June 2006 to 1 December 2023)

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (as of 1 December 2023)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings

Security Council Compendium (No. 17)

Security Council Compendium, a juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise weekly summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

S/RES/1722 (21 November 2023) The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Synopsis of Resolution 1722: A Chapter VII Resolution, 1722 reauthorizes "the Member States acting through or in cooperation with the EU to establish for a further period of 12 months, starting from the date of the adoption of this resolution, a multinational stabilization force (EUFOR) as a legal successor to SFOR under unified command and control, which will fulfil its missions in relation to the implementation of Annex 1-A and Annex 2 of the [General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina] in cooperation with the NATO Headquarters presence in accordance with the arrangements agreed between NATO and the EU as communicated to the Security Council in their letters of 19 November 2004, which recognize that the EUFOR will have the main peace stabilization role under the military aspects of the Peace Agreement." Resolution 1722 also reauthorizes "the Member States acting through or in cooperation with NATO to continue to maintain a NATO Headquarters as a legal successor to SFOR under unified command and control." Other than minor changes, Resolution 1722 is essentially a duplicate of Resolution 1639 (21 November 2023). Resolution 1639 itself is substantially similar to Resolution 1575 (22 November 2004). Cumulatively, all three Resolutions recognize EUFOR as a successor to SFOR and authorize Member States to continue their involvement with either EUFOR or NATO operations.

Resolution 1722 resources:

• EUFOR
• SFOR

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5567 (21 November 2023) Bosnia and Herzegovina [S/RES/1722 (2006); Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5568 (21 November 2023) Middle East situation, including the Palestinian question [no action]

S/PV.5569 (21 November 2023) Middle East situation [S/PRST/2006/46]

S/PV.5570 (22 November 2023) Afghanistan [no action]

S/PV.5571 (22 November 2023) Africa [no action]

S/PV.5572 (22 November 2023) Central African Republic [S/PRST/2006/47]

Statements By Security Council President (November 2006 - Peru)

S/PRST/2006/46 (21 November 2023) The situation in the Middle East (condemning the assassination of Lebanese Industry Minister Pierre Gemayel and "any attempt to destabilize Lebanon through political assassination or other terrorist acts")

S/PRST/2006/47 ( 22 November 2023) The situation in the Central African Republic (renewing the mandate of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in the Central African Republic for one year and expressing "serious concern that instability along the border areas of Chad, Sudan and the Central African Republic represents a threat to security and stability in the Central African Republic and its neighbours, while noting that Central African defence and security forces are still unable to repel the armed groups in the northern and north-eastern parts of the country")

Statements to Press By Security Council President

None issued.

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/907 (21 November 2023) Letter dated 17 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Commissioner of the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission)

S/2006/908 (21 November 2023) Letter dated 21 November 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Commissioner of the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission)

S/2006/911 (21 November 2023) Letter dated 21 November 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Special Tribunal for Lebanon)

S/2006/911 (21 November 2023) Letter dated 21 November 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Special Tribunal for Lebanon)

S/2006/914 (22 November 2023) Letter dated 21 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Lebanon)

S/2006/915 (22 November 2023) Letter dated 22 November 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Lebanon)

Reports of the Secretary-General

S/2006/893 S/2006/893/Add.1 (15 November 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on the establishment of a special tribunal for Lebanon

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (as of 16 November 2023)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings

Security Council Compendium (No. 16)

Security Council Compendium, a juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

None issued.

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5565 (11 November 2023) Middle East situation, including the Palestinian question [Draft resolution S/2006/878; Vote: vetoed by USA 10-1-4]

S/PV.5566 (16 November 2023) Great Lakes region [S/PRST/2006/45]

Statements By Security Council President (November 2006 - Peru)

S/PRST/2006/45 ( 16 November 2023) The situation in the Great Lakes region (welcoming " efforts aimed at bringing an end to the long-running conflict in northern Uganda" and "following closely the Juba talks process between the Government of the Republic of Uganda and the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA)")

Statements to Press By Security Council President

SC/8868 (16 November 2023) HAITI ("The members of the Security Council deeply regretted the deaths of two Jordanian peacekeepers that occurred last Friday while they were serving the cause of peace in Haiti, and extended their most sincere condolences to their families and to the Kingdom of Jordan.")

SC/8870 (17 November 2023) DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (welcoming "the announcement by the Independent Electoral Commission, on 15 November 2006, of the official provisional results of the second round of the presidential election in the Democratic Republic of the Congo")

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/892 (15 November 2023) Letter dated 15 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC))

S/2006/894 (16 November 2023) Letter dated 10 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Chief of Staff of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO))

S/2006/895 (16 November 2023) Letter dated 15 November 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Chief of Staff of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO))

Reports of the Secretary-General

S/2006/870 (8 November 2023) Monthly report of the Secretary-General on Darfur

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (as of 16 November 2023)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings

Security Council Compendium (No. 15)

Security Council Compendium, a weekly juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

None issued. But cf. UN News Centre, "US vetoes Security Council draft resolution on Israeli operations in Gaza," 11 Nov. 2006 (recognizing that the United States exercised its veto in the Security Council and "blocked a draft resolution that won the endorsement of 10 other members and would have called for a United Nations fact-finding mission in response to a recent Israeli operation in Gaza resulting in at least 18 civilian deaths").

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5562 (7 November 2023) Democratic Republic of the Congo [S/PRST/2006/44]

S/PV.5563 (8 November 2023) Bosnia and Herzegovina [no action]

S/PV.5564 (9 November 2023) Middle East situation, including the Palestinian question [no action]

S/PV.5564 (Resumption 1) (9 November 2023) Middle East situation, including the Palestinian question [no action]

Statements By Security Council President (November 2006 - Peru)

S/PRST/2006/44 (7 November 2023) The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo (commenting on "provincial elections and the second round of the presidential election held on 29 October 2006")

Statements to Press By Security Council President

None issued.

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/859 (2 November 2023) Letter dated 1 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission: Coming activities to be performed)

S/2006/866 (6 November 2023) Letter dated 1 November 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB))

S/2006/867 (6 November 2023) Letter dated 6 November 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB))

S/2006/875 (9 November 2023) Letter dated 9 November 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Security Council mission to Afghanistan, 9 to 17 November 2023)

Reports of the Secretary-General

None issued.

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (as of 2 November 2023)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings

Security Council Compendium (No. 14)

Security Council Compendium, a juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

S/RES/1716 (13 October 2023) The situation in Georgia

Synopsis of Resolution 1716: After "acknowledging with concern the observation of the Secretary-General that a new and tense situation has emerged between the Georgian and the Abkhaz sides, in particular as a result of the Georgian special operation in the upper Kodori Valley," Resolution 1716 "reaffirms the commitment...to promote a settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict only by peaceful means and within the framework of the Security Council resolutions." Additionally, after acknowledging the important role of both the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) and CIS Peacekeeping forces, the Security Council "decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating on 15 April 2007."

Resolution 1716 resources:

• UNOMIG homepage
• UN map of Georgia, including UNOMIG activities (as of September 2006)

S/RES/1717 (13 October 2023) International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 2023

Synopsis of Resolution 1717: "In response to the request by the Secretary-General and notwithstanding the provisions of Article 12 ter of the Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda," Resolution 1717 extends until 31 December 2023 the term of office for certain ad litem judges of the ICTR. In addition, Resolution 1717 permits ad litem Judges Bossa, Arrey, Lattanzi, Muthoga, Short, Hökborg, Hikmet, Kam and Park to serve in the ICTR beyond the cumulative period of service provided for under Article 12 ter of the Statute and until 31 December 2008.

Resolution 1717 resources:

• ICTR homepage

S/RES/1718 (14 October 2023) Non-proliferation/Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Synopsis of Resolution 1718: In the preamble to Resolution 1718, the Security Council "express[es] the gravest concern at the claim by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) that it has conducted a test of a nuclear weapon on 9 October 2006, and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and to international efforts aimed at strengthening the global regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the danger it poses to peace and stability in the region and beyond." Accordingly, the operative portion of Resolution 1718 is presented under Chapter VII of the UN Charter and, specifically, Article 41 measures.[1] The Resolution itself consists of three main parts: prohibitions the DPRK must uphold, Article 41 measures (sanctions), and the creation of a reporting framework.

Prohibitions the DPRK Must Uphold

After condemning the DPRK's nuclear test of 9 October 2023 and demanding the DPRK cease future nuclear tests and return to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Resolution 1718 "decides that the DPRK shall suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile programme and in this context re-establish its pre-existing commitments to a moratorium on missile launching" and. "that the DPRK shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner." Additionally, Resolution 1718 "decides also that the DPRK shall abandon all other existing weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programme in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner."

Article 41 Measures (Sanctions)

Resolution 1718 presents a wide-ranging set of measures against the DPRK. These measures include a prohibition on Member States from supplying certain goods, including weapons, to the DPRK; a prohibition on "technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of the" prohibited goods; an export prohibition on the same category of goods, except luxury goods, from the DPRK; a freeze of funds, assets, and economic resources that support, directly or indirectly, the prohibited weapons programs of the the DPRK; and, a travel ban on persons supporting the DPRK's prohibited weapons programs. Additionally, to ensure compliance with the sanctions, "and thereby preventing illicit trafficking in nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, their means of delivery and related materials, all Member States are called upon to take, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation, and consistent with international law, cooperative action including through inspection of cargo to and from the DPRK, as necessary."

Further Action/Reporting

Resolution 1718 "calls upon" Member States to report within 30 days of the adoption of Resolution 1718 the measures taken to uphold the measures provided by Resolution 1718. Additionally, Resolution 1718 establishes a Committee of the Security Council, consisting of all Members of the Security Council, to undertake the following: to seek information from Member States regarding the measures taken to implement the measures of Resolution 1718, to consider and decide requests for exemptions, to promulgate guidelines, and to report every 90 days to the Security Council on its work and recommendations. Lastly, Resolution 1718, "calls upon the DPRK to return immediately to the Six-Party Talks without precondition and to work towards the expeditious implementation of the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States."

[1] Article 41 states: "The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations." Additionally, Article 42 notes that "should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations." UN Charter.

S/RES/1719 (25 October 2023) The situation in Burundi

Synopsis of Resolution 1719: Resolution 1719 "requests the Secretary-General to establish a United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (Bureau Intégré des Nations Unies au Burundi, BINUB)...for an initial period of 12 months, commencing on 1 January 2007, to support the Government in its effort towards long-term peace and stability throughout the peace consolidation phase in Burundi, including through ensuring coherence and coordination of the United Nations agencies in Burundi, under the leadership of the Executive Representative of the Secretary-General." Accordingly, Resolution 1719 provides BINUB with a mandate across four areas: 1) peace consolidation and democratic governance; 2) disarmament, demobilization and reintegration and reform of the security sector; 3) promotion and protection of human rights and measures to end impunity; and 4) donor and United Nations agency coordination. BINUB will provide an integrated UN office once the existing United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) withdraws on 31 December 2006.

Resolution 1719 resources:

• ONUB homepage
• Map of Burundi

S/RES/1720 (31 October 2023) The situation concerning Western Sahara

Synopsis of Resolution 1720: In the preamble to Resolution 1720, the Security Council reaffirms "its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect."[1] Accordingly, Resolution 1720 requests "the Secretary-General provide a report on the situation in the Western Sahara before the end of the mandate period" and "decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 30 April 2007."

[1] The "parties" referred to in Resolution 1720 are Morocco and the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Río de Oro (Frente POLISARIO). Both parties accepted settlement proposals on 30 August 1988, providing for a transitional period for the preparation of a referendum in which the people of Western Sahara would choose between independence and integration with Morocco. Resolution 690 (29 April 1991) established the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO, Misión de las Naciones Unidas para la Organización del referéndum en el Sáhara Occidental). As noted by MINURSO, "while the organisation of the referendum has not been possible to date, other requirements of the mandate such as the exchange of prisoners of war and the identification of voters have been pursued successfully."

Resolution 1720 resources:

• MINURSO homepage
• Map of MINURSO Deployment (as of October 2006)

S/RES/1721 (1 November 2023) The situation in Côte d’Ivoire

Synopsis of Resolution 1721: After "determining that the situation in Côte d’Ivoire continues to pose a threat to international peace and security in the region," and "acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations," Resolution 1721 endorses the decision of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union, which aims "at implementing fully the peace process in Côte d’Ivoire and at organizing free, open, fair and transparent elections in this country by 31 October 2007." Resolution 1721 also "endorses the decision of the Peace and Security Council that President Laurent Gbagbo should remain Head of State as from 1 November 2023 for a new and final transition period not exceeding 12 months" and "endorses the decision of the Peace and Security Council to renew the mandate of the Prime Minister, Mr. Charles Konan Banny, as from 1 November 2023 for a new and final transition period not exceeding 12 months." Additionally, the Security Council "demands the immediate resumption of the programme for the disarmament and dismantling of militias throughout the national territory, stresses that this programme is a key element of the peace process, and underlines the individual responsibility of the leaders of the militias in the full implementation of this process" and "endorses the decision of the Peace and Security Council that...President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo (“the Mediator”), in his capacity as Chairperson of the African Union shall lead the mediation efforts, in liaison with the Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union and ECOWAS and, as the need may arise, in liaison with any other African leader willing to make a contribution to the search for peace in Côte d’Ivoire and underlines that the representative of the Mediator in Côte d’Ivoire will lead, in liaison with the Special Representative of the Secretary- General, the day-to-day mediation."

Resolution 1721 resources:

• United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) homepage
• Map of UNOCI Deployment (as of October 2006)
•  African Union
• Economic Community of West African States

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5549 (13 October 2023) Georgia [S/RES/1716; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5550 (13 October 2023) International Tribunal--Rwanda [S/RES/1717; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5551 (14 October 2023) Non-proliferation / Democratic People's Republic of Korea [S/RES/1718; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5552 (19 October 2023) Middle East situation, including the Palestinian question [no action]

S/PV.5553 (closed) (25 October 2023) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara [Communiqué]

S/PV.5554 (25 October 2023) Burundi [S/RES/1719; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5555 (closed) (25 October 2023) Côte d'Ivoire [Communiqué]

S/PV.5556 (26 October 2023) Women and peace and security [no action]

S/PV.5556 (Resumption 1) (26 October 2023) Women and peace and security [S/PRST/2006/42]

S/PV.5557 (closed) (27 October 2023) Briefing by the President of the International Court of Justice [Communiqué]

S/PV.5558 (closed) (30 October 2023) Central African Republic [Communiqué]

S/PV.5559 (30 October 2023) Middle East situation [S/PRST/2006/43]

S/PV.5560 (31 October 2023) Western Sahara [S/RES/1720; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5561 (1 November 2023) Côte d'Ivoire [S/RES/1721; Vote 15-0-0]

Statements By Security Council President (November 2006 - Peru)

S/PRST/2006/42 (26 October 2023) Women and peace and security

S/PRST/2006/43 (30 October 2023) The situation in the Middle East

Statements to Press By Security Council President

SC/8854 (17 October 2023) ETHIOPIA AND ERITREA

SC/8856 (20 October 2023) ON REVIEW OF LIBERIA SANCTIONS

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/799 (20 October 2023) Identical letters dated 2 October 2023 from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Security Council (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda)

S/2006/809 (13 October 2023) Letter dated 10 August 2024 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Report of the Secretary-General and High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union on the activities of the European Union military mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUFOR), covering the period from 1 June to 31 August 2024)

S/2006/810 (13 October 2023) Letter dated 12 October 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Thirtieth report of the High Representative for the Implementation of the Peace Agreement on Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1 February-30 June 2006)

S/2006/811 (13 October 2023) Letter dated 4 October 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes Region - Letter dated 27 September 2023 from the Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Republic of Tanzania addressed to the Secretary-General)

S/2006/812 (13 October 2023) Letter dated 13 October 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes Region - Letter dated 27 September 2023 from the Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Republic of Tanzania addressed to the Secretary-General)

S/2006/819 (17 October 2023) Letter dated 17 October 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission)

S/2006/820 (17 October 2023) Letter dated 16 October 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (High Representative for the elections in Côte d’Ivoire)

S/2006/830 (19 October 2023) Letter dated 17 October 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Monthly report on the operations of the Kosovo Force (KFOR), covering the period 1 to 31 August 2024)

Reports of the Secretary-General

S/2006/817 (16 October 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara

S/2006/821 (17 October 2023) Tenth progress report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire

S/2006/828 (19 October 2023) Interim report of the Secretary-General on the situation in the Central African Republic subsequent to the press statement of 7 July 2024 by the President of the Council

S/2006/832 (19 October 2023) Fourth semi-annual report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 (2004)

S/2006/835 (25 October 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict in Côte d’Ivoire

S/2006/838 (23 October 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Somalia

S/2006/842 (25 October 2023) Eighth report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Burundi

S/2006/851 (27 October 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict in Burundi

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (as of 2 November 2023)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings

Security Council Compendium (No. 13)

Security Council Compendium, a juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

S/RES/1709 (22 September 2023) Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

Synopsis of Resolution 1709: In resolution 1709, the Security Council extends the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) until 8 October 2023 "with the intention to renew it for further periods." Resolution 1663 extended the mandate of UNMIS until 24 September 2006.

Resolution 1709 resources:

• Map of Sudan
• United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)
• African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS)

S/RES/1710 (29 September 2023) The situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia

Synopsis of Resolution 1710: The Security Council extends the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) for a period of four months, until 31 January 2007. The resolution also reiterates the previous demand that "Eritrea reverse, without further delay or preconditions, all restrictions on UNMEE’s movement and operations, and provide UNMEE with the access, assistance, support and protection required for the performance of its duties, in this regard expresses its deep concern at the recent expulsion of UNMEE personnel by Eritrea." Resolution 1710 also reiterates the Security Council's "call expressed in paragraph 2 of resolution 1640 (2005) that the parties show maximum restraint and refrain from any threat or use of force against each other" and "its demand expressed in paragraph 5 of resolution 1640 (2005) that Ethiopia accept fully and without delay the final and binding decision of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission [EEBC] and take immediately concrete steps to enable, without preconditions, the Commission to demarcate the border completely and promptly." Resolution 1710 also contains forward-looking statements including the intent to "transform or reconfigure" UNMEE in the event that the parties have not demonstrated progress towards demarcation by 31 January 2007.

Resolution 1710 resources:

• United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)
• Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (Permanent Court of Arbitration)

S/RES/1711 (29 September 2023) The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Synopsis of Resolution 1711: After "noting that the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region" and "acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations," the Security Council extends the mandate of the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) "as contained in resolutions 1565, 1592, 1596, 1621 and 1635 until 15 February 2007." Resolution 1711 also extends until 15 February 2024 the increase in the military and civilian police strength of MONUC authorized by resolutions 1621 and 1635. Lastly, the Security Council "decides to extend until 31 December 2006 the authorization contained in resolutions 1669 and 1692 for the Secretary-General to redeploy temporarily a maximum of one infantry battalion, a military hospital and 50 military observers from United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) to MONUC."

Resolution 1711 resources:

• United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
• United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB)

S/RES/1712 (29 September 2023) The situation in Liberia

Synopsis of Resolution 1712: After "reiterating the continuing need for [the United Nations Mission in Liberia's (UNMIL)] support for the security of the Special Court for Sierra Leone" and "determining that the situation in Liberia continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region," the Security Council adopts Resolution 1712 acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Resolution 1712 extends the mandate of UNMIL until 31 March 2024 and reaffirms the Security Council's "intention to authorize the Secretary-General to redeploy troops between UNMIL and the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) on a temporary basis in accordance with the provisions of resolution 1609 (2005), as may be needed." Additionally, Resolution 1712 "endorses the Secretary-General’s recommendations for a phased, gradual consolidation, drawdown and withdrawal of UNMIL’s troop contingent, as the situation permits and without compromising the security of Liberia."

Resolution 1712 resources:

• United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
• United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI)

S/RES/1713 (29 September 2023) Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

Synopsis of Resolution 1713: "Determining that the situation in Sudan continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region" and "acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations," the Security Council extends "until 29 September 2007 the mandate of the Panel of Experts originally appointed pursuant to resolution 1591 (2005) and previously extended by resolutions 1651 (2005) and 1665 (2006), and requests the Secretary- General to appoint a fifth member to enable the Panel to better carry out its mission, and to take the necessary administrative measures." Additionally, Resolution 1713 "requests the Panel of Experts to provide no later than 29 March 2024 a midterm briefing on its work and no later than 90 days after adoption of this resolution an interim report to the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 3 (a) of resolution 1591 (2005), and a final report no later than 30 days prior to termination of its mandate to the Council with its findings and recommendations."

S/RES/1714 (6 October 2023) Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

Synopsis of Resolution 1714: After "determining that the situation in the Sudan continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security," the Security Council "decides to extend the mandate of [the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)] until 30 April 2007, with the intention to renew it for further periods." Resolution 1714 also "requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every three months on the implementation of the mandate of UNMIS." Additionally, the Security Council also "calls upon the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the Darfur Peace Agreement and the N’djamena Humanitarian Cease-fire Agreement to respect their commitments and implement fully all aspects of the Agreements without delay, and calls upon those parties that have not signed the Darfur Peace Agreement to do so without delay and not to act in any way that would impede implementation of the Agreement."

Resolution 1713 & 1714 resources:

• Map of Sudan
• United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)
• African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS)

S/RES/1715 (9 October 2023) Recommendation for the appointment of the Secretary-General of the United Nations

Complete text of Resolution 1715: "The Security Council, Having considered the question of the recommendation for the appointment of the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Recommends to the General Assembly that Mr. Ban Ki-moon be appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations for a term of office from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2011."

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5531 (closed) (22 Sept. 2006) Kosovo (Serbia) [Communiqué]

S/PV.5532 (22 Sept. 2006) Sudan [S/RES/1709; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5533 + Corr.1 (22 Sept. 2006) Democratic Republic of the Congo [S/PRST/2006/40]

S/PV.5534 (closed)(25 Sept. 2006) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the UN Mission in Liberia [Communiqué]

S/PV.5535 (closed) (25 Sept. 2006) Somalia [Communiqué]

S/PV.5536 (closed) (26 Sept.2006) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea [Communiqué]

S/PV.5537 (closed) (27 Sept. 2006) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo [Communiqué]

S/PV.5538 (28 Sept. 2006) Briefings by Chairmen of subsidiary bodies of the Security Council [no action]

S/PV.5539 (29 Sept. 2006) Middle East situation [no action]

S/PV.5540 (29 Sept 2023) Eritrea-Ethiopia [S/RES/1710; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5541 (29 Sept. 2006) Democratic Republic of the Congo [S/RES/1711; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5542 (29 Sept. 2006) Liberia [S/RES/1712; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5543 (29 Sept. 2006) Sudan [S/RES/1713; 15-0-0]

S/PV.5544 (closed) (6 Oct. 2006) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the UN Observer Mission in Georgia [Communiqué]

S/PV.5545 (6 Oct. 2006) Sudan [S/RES/1714; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5546 (6 Oct. 2006) Letter dated 4 July 2024 from the Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council [S/PRST/2006/41]

S/PV.5547 (closed) (9 Oct. 2006) Recommendation for the appointment of the Secretary-General of the United Nations [Communiqué + S/RES/1715; No vote]

S/PV.5548 (closed) (9 Oct. 2006) Afghanistan [Communiqué]

Statements By Security Council President (October 2006 - Japan)

S/PRST/2006/40 (22 September 2023) The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo

S/PRST/2006/41 (6 October 2023) Letter dated 4 July 2024 from the Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council

Statements to Press By Security Council President

SC/8850 (9 October 2023) AFGHANISTAN

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/760 (25 September 2023) Letter dated 25 September 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Fifth report of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolutions 1595 (2005), 1636 (2005) and 1644 (2005), prepared by Mr. Serge Brammertz, Commissioner)

S/2006/765 (26 September 2023) Letter dated 26 September 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Afghanistan - Quarterly report on the operations of the International Security Assistance Force, 1 April to 31 July 2024)

S/2006/778 (29 September 2023) Letter dated 28 September 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission)

S/2006/779 (29 September 2023) Letter dated 28 September 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Letter dated 22 September 2023 from the Secretary-General and the Chairperson of the African Union Commission addressed to the President of the Sudan - Darfur: United Nations support to the African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS))

S/2006/790 (5 October 2023) Letter dated 2 October 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Representative in Guinea-Bissau and Head of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS))

S/2006/791 (5 October 2023) Letter dated 5 October 2023 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (Representative in Guinea-Bissau and Head of the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS)

S/2006/797 (9 October 2023) Letter dated 9 October 2023 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Letter dated 4 October 2023 from the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency addressed to the President of the Security Council)

Reports of the Secretary-General

S/2006/749 (19 September 2024) Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea

S/2006/759 (21 September 2023) Twenty-second report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

S/2006/764 (26 September 2023) Monthly report of the Secretary-General on Darfur

S/2006/770 (27 September 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on women, peace and security

S/2006/771 (28 September 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia

S/2006/783 (29 September 2023) Report of the Secretary-General on developments in Guinea-Bissau and on the activities of the United Nations Peace-building Support Office in that country

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (as of 12 October 2023)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings

Security Council Compendium (No. 12)

Security Council Compendium, a weekly juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

None issued.

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5525 (15 September 2024) Africa [no action]

S/PV.5526 (15 September 2024) Myanmar [no action]

S/PV.5527 (closed) (18 September 2024) Meeting with countries contributing troops to the UN Mission in the Sudan [Communiqué]

S/PV.5528 (18 September 2024) Sudan [no action]

S/PV.5529 (20 September 2024) Cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in maintaining international peace and security [S/PRST/2006/39]

S/PV.5530 (21 September 2023) Middle East situation, including the Palestinian question [no action]

Statements By Security Council President (September 2006 - Greece)

S/PRST/2006/39 (20 September 2024) Cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in maintaining international peace and security

Statements to Press By Security Council President

None issued.

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/738 (13 September 2024) Letter dated 13 September 2024 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (International Working Group on Côte d’Ivoire - 10th ministerial meeting, Abidjan, 8 September 2024 - Final communiqué)

S/2006/755 (21 September 2023) Letter dated 20 September 2024 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Côte d’Ivoire - Group of Experts)

Reports of the Secretary-General

S/2006/743 (12 September 2024) Twelfth progress report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (as of 22 September 2023)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings

Security Council Compendium (No. 11)

Security Council Compendium, a juscogens.net feature, provides a comprehensive, concise summary of the work of the United Nations Security Council in an organized, central location and an unbiased, objective manner. For comments or suggestions, please contact [email protected].

Security Council Resolutions

S/RES/1707 (12 September 2024) The situation in Afghanistan

Synopsis of Resolution 1707: Acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, Resolution 1707 extends the authorization of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan for a period of twelve months beyond 13 October 2006. Additionally, Resolution 1707 "authorizes the Member States participating in ISAF to take all necessary measures to fulfil its mandate" and "recognizes the need to further strengthen ISAF, and in this regard calls upon Member States to contribute personnel, equipment and other resources to ISAF, and to make contributions to the Trust Fund established pursuant to resolution 1386 (2001)." As defined in Resolution 1510, the mandate of the ISAF includes "the maintenance of security in areas of Afghanistan outside of Kabul and its environs, so that the Afghan Authorities as well as the personnel of the United Nations and other international civilian personnel engaged, in particular, in reconstruction and humanitarian efforts, can operate in a secure environment, and to provide security assistance for the performance of other tasks in support of the Bonn Agreement." Currently, the ISAF is under NATO command.

Resolution 1707 Resources:

• NATO ISAF

S/RES/1708 (14 September 2024) The situation in Côte d’Ivoire

Synopsis of Resolution 1708: A Chapter VII Resolution, Resolution 1708 extends the mandate of the Group of Experts created by the Secretary-General, further to paragraph 9 of resolution 1643 (2005), until 15 December 2006. Resolution 1708 also requests the Group of Experts to submit a "brief written update" to the Security Council via the 1572 Committee before 1 December 2006. The update is to include a report on "the implementation of the measures imposed by paragraphs 7, 9, and 11 of Resolution 1572 (2004) and paragraphs 4 and 6 of resolution 1643 (2005) with recommendations in this regard." The measures imposed by Resolutions 1572 and 1643 include an arms embargo, a travel ban on persons designated by the 1572 Committee, the freezing of assets of such designated persons, and preventing the importation of all rough diamonds from the Ivory Coast.

Resolution 1708 Resources:

• Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS)
• African Union

Security Council Meetings

S/PV.5520 (11 September 2024) Sudan [no action]

S/PV.5521 (12 September 2024) Afghanistan [S/RES/1707; Vote: 15-0-0]

S/PV.5522 (13 September 2024)    Kosovo (Serbia) [no action]

S/PV.5523 (14 September 2024) Iraq [no action]

S/PV.5524 (14 September 2024) Côte d'Ivoire [S/RES/1708; Vote: 15-0-0]

Statements By Security Council President (September 2006 - Greece)

None issued.

Statements to Press By Security Council President

SC/8825 (11 September 2024) AFGHANISTAN

Security Council President and Secretary-General Letters

S/2006/720 (8 September 2024) Letter dated 7 September 2024 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Monthly report on the operations of the Kosovo Force (KFOR), covering the period 1 to 31 July 2024)

S/2006/733 (13 September 2024) Letter dated 8 September 2024 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL))

S/2006/734 (13 September) 2006 Letter dated 13 September 2024 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL))

Reports of the Secretary-General

S/2006/706 (1 September 2024) Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 30 of resolution 1546 (2004)

S/2006/707 (1 September 2024) Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo

S/2006/728 (12 September 2024) Report of the Secretary-General on the Sudan

S/2006/730 (12 September 2024) Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)

Security Council Monthly Programme of Work (September 2006)

2006 Archived Webcasts of Security Council Meetings